Mariana Santos is a Policy Officer in the Retail Financial Services unit at the Directorate-General for Financial Stability, Financial Services and Capital Markets Union of the European Commission. Over the last two and a half years, she has worked on the review of the second Directive on Payment Services in the internal market (PSD2), with a particular focus on fraud prevention. Mariana holds a PhD in Financial Geography from Durham University, UK, and before joining the European Commission, worked as an academic researcher at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel.